Maples ya paraan na panagkarga
Pian napapeles so chemical reactions ed saray baterya, napalemew so panaon ya kaukolan pian nasabi iratan ya full charge, tan nabawasan odino nabawasan so polarization na positive tan negative plates, diad ontan et napaaligwas so efficiency na baterya, maples ya inmaligwas so teknolohiya na maples ya charging ed apalabas iran taon. Pigaran kaslakan ya uusaren ya paraan na maples ya panagkarga so niparungtal ed leksab. Sarayan paraan et adesinyo ed kaliberliber na sankaabigan ya kurba na panagsingil, ya say getma et say aktual ya kurba na panagsingil et asingger ed sankaabigan ya kurba na panagsingil.
Paraan na panagkarga na pulso
Say pulse charging method et unonan man-charge ed baterya na pulse current, insan ontunda ed panag-charge ed loob na sakey a panaon, insan man-charge lamet ed baterya na pulse current, ya uliten iyan siklo, a singa nanengneng ed Figure 11-5. Say charging pulse et sigpot ya mankarga ed baterya, bangta saray interval et mangiter na panaon parad oxygen tan hydrogen ya napapawala na saray chemical reactions ya mankasakey lamet tan nasepsep, ya natural ya mamaandi ed concentration polarization tan ohmic polarization. Saya so mamapaabeba ed loob na pressure na baterya, ya mamaabuloy ed ontumbok a round na constant current charging ya mas maabig tan mamaabuloy ed baterya ya makasesep na mas dakel a karga. Saray intermittent pulses so mangiiter ed baterya na magenap ya oras na reaksion, ya mamapaabeba ed ebolusyon na gas tan mamaaligwas ed charging current acceptance rate na baterya.
Say pulse charging et makapaaligwas ed panag-charge tan panag-discharge na baterya, makatipid na oras na panag-charge, tan mamalaknab na bilay na baterya, balet kaukolan ya nasumpal so pigaran kondisyon.
Lapud saray lithium-ion ya baterya et mandedependi ed manpapawil-pawil ya galaw na lithium ions ed cathode, anode, tan electrolyte legan na panag-charge tan panag-discharge, say pamarakep ed ion movement rate tan diffusion coefficient et importante pian nadampot so kalat ya makatipid na oras na panag-charge tan napaaligwas so inka-epektibo na panag-charge. Say agsuston charging rate o distribution et aglabat makadampot ed labay ya kalat noagta mamapeles met ed itatatken na baterya. Unong ed nanengneng ed Figure 11-2, no mas atagey so charging rate, mas melag so chargeable capacity.
Say electrochemical characteristic analysis et mangipapanengneng ya say charging rate na lithium-ion ya baterya et manunan limitado ed diffusion rate na lithium ions tan say ugali na positibo tan negatibon materyales na electrode. Diad pangusar na equation (11-3), nayarin iletneg so lithium-ion diffusion equation.
Diad pormula, say CL et mangirerepresenta ed konsentrasyon na lithium-ion; say x et mangirerepresenta ed distansya na panagkalat; say t et mangirerepresenta ed panaon na panagkalat; tan say DLi et mangirerepresenta ed lithium-ion diffusion coefficient.
Impanengneng na saray impanaral ya saray lithium-ion ya baterya et walaan na duaran maples ya itatatken legan na cycle testing:
1) Say panaon na inkaporma na SEI film (Solid Electrolyte Interphase), sakey a proseso ya manguusar na sakey a kabiangan na saray walan lithium ions pian naporma so SEI film ed tapew na electrode.
2) Diad sampot na kada charging cycle, say resistensya ed iyalis na lithium ions ed liquid phase ed loob na baterya et medyo melag, bangta say diffusion coefficient ed solid phase et medyo melag. Kanian, no say charging current et baleg a tuloy ed sampot na charging cycle, dakel so lithium ions ya mantipon ed tapew na electrode, ya mainomay ya pansengegan na pakaporma na lithium metal tan nabawasan so lithium ion content.
Say inkaporma na SEI film et walay baleg ya epekto to ed bilay na baterya. No ag naporma so maong ya SEI film, anggaman say baterya et nayarin walaan na atagey ya charge/discharge efficiency tan nausar ya kapasidad ed gapoan ya charge/discharge stages, say kapasidad to et onkupas a maong no ondarakel so cycle count, lalo la ed low-current pulse charging modes. Kanian, agnapaliisan so pakaandi na lithium-ion ed unonan yugtan. Balet, say kuryente legan na pulse charging et nepeg ya aliwan atagey. Say alablabas ya kuryente et pansengegan na ag-inkaparpareho na SEI film formation, maples ya SEI film thickening, tan baleg ya itatagey na resistensya, ya mamawas ed bilang na saray nausar ya ions tan manresulta ed pakaandi na kapasidad.
Say pulse charging et manunan manguusar na charging pause odino reverse discharge pian naekal so polarization legan na proseso na panag-charge. Say polarization et maapit a misiglaotan ed klase na baterya, proseso na panaggawa, tan saray kablian na materyal, tan komplikado so pandurumaan to. Lapud tuloytuloy ya iyaaligwas na teknolohiya na baterya, nakontrol a maong so polarization. Kanian, saray bentaha na saray kombensional a paraan na panag-charge na pulso et aliwan tanton mapatnag. Kaukolan ya pankasakeyen iray matukoy ya parametro na katangian na baterya parad real-time monitoring tan i-adjust so amplitude tan cycle na pulse charging pian napansiansia so baterya ed sankaabigan ya kondisyon na panag-operate-say intelligent charging mode ya adeskribe ed saginonor.
ReflexTM Maples ya Paraan na Pankarga
Say ReflexTM ya paraan na maples ya panagkarga et sakey a patented ya teknolohiya ed Estados Unidos, ya inmuna et ginawa parad panagkarga na nickel-cadmium ya baterya. Sayan paraan na panagkarga et mamalemew ed problema ed memory effect na nickel-cadmium ya baterya, kanian nabawasan so maples ya panaon na panagkarga. No ikompara ed saray paraan na panag-charge na pulso, say sankabalgan ya feature na ReflexTM ya paraan na maples ya panag-charge et say pangiyarum na negatibon pulso. Say mekanismo to et manguusar na "barrier" ya epekto ya itatarya na negatibon pulso pian naekal iray bula ya onlesa ed tapew na electrode legan na proseso na reaksion, ya mamapaabeba ed itatagey na temperatura tan itatagey na resistensya ed loob legan na panagkarga na baterya. Saya so mamaabuloy ed elektrikal ya enerhiya ya magmaliw ya kemikal ya enerhiya ed loob na baterya anggad posible, ya ontulong pian naekal so polarisasyon na konsentrasyon ya sengegan na matantan ya panag-apag, mamaaligwas ed pakausar na saray aktibon materyales ed loob na baterya, tan diad ontan et ondarakel so bilang na charge-discharge cycles.
Unong ed nanengneng ed Figure 11-6, say sakey a working cycle na ReflexTM fast charging method et walaan na taloran yugtan: sakey a forward charging pulse, sakey a reverse instantaneous discharge pulse, tan sakey a pause ed panag-charge parad maintenance. Say gagala na forward charging pulse et mangiter na positibon amplitude pulse current pian nakarga so baterya; say gagala na reverse instantaneous discharge pulse et say panggawa ed saray electrolyte ions ya mas parepareho so pan-diffuse pian naatrasado so polarization reaction ed loob na baterya, diad ontan et napaaligwas so charging efficiency tan napalaknab so bilay na baterya; say gagala na stop charging phase et say panggawa ed saray electrolyte ions ya man-diffuse ya parepareho tan mamalemew ed polarization phenomenon, diad ontan et napaaligwas so charging efficiency tan napalaknab so bilay na baterya.
Variable Current Intermittent Charging Method
Say variable current intermittent charging method et nibase ed constant current charging tan pulse charging, a singa nanengneng ed Figure 11-7. Say katangian to et say seksion na panagkarga na constant current et nasalatan na boltahe-limited variable current intermittent charging section. Diad gapoan na panagkarga, say variable current intermittent charging method so uusaren pian naseguro so mas atagey a panagkarga tan nagamoran so karaklan ed kantidad na panagkarga.
Diad kaunoran iran yugtan na panagkarga, say agmanguman a boltahe na panagkarga so uusaren pian nawalaan na overcharge tan nipawil so baterya ed sigpot a karga. Diad panapanaon ya itunda so panagkarga, say oxygen tan hydrogen ya napapawala na chemical reaction ed baterya et walay panaon dan mankasakey lamet tan nasepsep, ya natural ya mamaandi ed concentration polarization tan ohmic polarization. Saya so mamapaabeba ed loob na pressure na baterya, ya mamaabuloy ed ontumbok ya round na constant current charging ya mas maabig tan mamaabuloy ed baterya ya makasesep na mas dakel ya kuryente.
Base ed variable current intermittent charging method, sakey a variable voltage intermittent charging method so niproponin, a singa nanengneng ed Figure 11-8. Say pandumaan na variable voltage tan variable current intermittent charging methods et say unonan yugtan et aliwan intermittent constant current, noagta intermittent constant voltage.
No ikompara so Figures 11-7 tan 11-8, nanengneng ya say Figure 11-8 et mas mangipapatnag na sankaabigan ya kurba na panagsingil. Diad kada yugtan na panagkarga na agmanguman-uman a boltahe, lapud agmanguman-uman a boltahe na panagkarga, say panagkarga na kuryente so natural ya onbabawas a maong, a mitunosan ed katangian ya say naabobonan a kuryente na baterya so kalkalnan onbabawas legan na proseso na panagkarga.
Manduruman boltahe, manduruman kuryente ya daluyon-klase na intermittent positibo tan negatibo zero-pulse maples ya paraan na panagkarga
Diad pangitipon ed saray bentaha na pulse charging, ReflexTM fast charging, variable current intermittent charging, tan variable voltage intermittent charging, say variable voltage, variable current wave-type positive tan negative zero-pulse intermittent fast charging method et ginawa tan inyaplika. Say panangontrol ed pulse charging circuit et kaslakan ya walad duaran kategorya:
1) Say amplitude na pulse current et manduruma, bangta say frequency na PWM (power PWM) signal et ag-onkukurang.
2) Say amplitude na pulse current et agmanguman, bangta say frequency na PWM signal et nayarin i-adjust.
Say Figure 11-9 et manguusar na control mode ya duma ed sarayan duara: parehon say pulse current amplitude tan say frequency na PWM signal et aka-fix, bangta say PWM duty cycle et na-adjust. No mangiyarum na intermittent charging/stopping phase, mas dakel so naala ed mas antikey a panaon, kanian napaaligwas so charging acceptance capability na baterya.
Kada paraan na panagkarga et walay sarili ton bentaha tan sakop na aplikasyon. Balet, lapud malaknab so panguusar na saray luluganan ya de-koriente, ondarakel so mankaukolan na kapeles na panagkarga, kanian ondarakel so smart charging. Say smart charging et manunan mankaliktan pian sigpot ya nakarga so baterya odino naabot so aka-set ya kapasidad ed antikey a panaon. Nagawa iya diad pangi-adjust ed kaplesan ya balor unong ed State of Charge (SOC) tan State of Health (SOH) na baterya, ya say oras na panag-charge et mipara ed panaon na panag-refuel na tradisyonal ya luluganan.
Say smart charging et akaakit na malaknab ya imano. Saray researcher ed interon mundo et manpopokus na baleg iran rekursos ed panagsukimat na saray estratehiya ed panag-charge pian napaaligwas so charging rates legan ya epektibon naseguro so bilay na baterya. Saya balet so mamaaligwas ed inkapraktikal tan pangawat na sosyedad ed saray luluganan ya de-koriente.
